Dr. Albert Antoine joined NACA's Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory (now NASA Glenn in Cleveland) in 1954 after a classmate recommended he apply. He would spend over four decades with the organization, contributing to numerous research projects and scientific developments. During the early stages of his career at NASA, Dr. Antoine helped phase out exotic propellants that contributed to toxic byproducts and air pollution. Later, he worked on electrical power systems for spacecraft, providing thermodynamic data for mercury paired with cesium or sodium that helped produce more efficient systems. During this time, Dr. Antoine encouraged underrepresented students to pursue scientific and space careers, including visits to local high schools and Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). These visits would lead to Glenn's lasting relationship with HBCUs.

In the 1970s, the decade in which the environmental movement became popularized, Dr. Antoine worked in the Combustion and Pollution Branch of NASA, where he helped develop methods and instruments to measure particulate matter. The tools he created would later be used to study pollution locally in Cleveland and air lanes nationwide. During this decade, he also contributed to research on renewable energy and alternative fossil fuel sources. In particular, as a trained chemist, Dr. Antoine studied the composition of non-petroleum fuels and assessed their storage, stability, and emissions characteristics. Dr. Antoine retired from NASA in 1983 but returned as a Research Associate through a cooperative agreement with Cleveland State University. He would work with NASA and CSU for 13 years, managing battery and fuel cell research that led to the advancement of fuel cell technology to the point of commercialization. Dr. Antoine officially retired in 1996, having served 42 years with NASA.